Rethinking urban poverty from institutional and organizational perspectives

January 19, 2011 at 2:23 pm | Posted in barbershops, conference, economic development, grocery stores, health, housing, immigrants, neighborhoods, non-profits, organizational density, organizational networks, political organizations, poverty, social capital, social service agencies | Leave a comment

Urban organizations conference in Chicago! “The University of Chicago is hosting a conference entitled “Rethinking Urban Poverty for the 21st Century: Institutional and Organizational Perspectives” on March 10-11, 2011.  As we enter the second decade of the 21st century, the prospects for U.S. cities remain uncertain. The promised reinvention of many former manufacturing centers has been halted in its tracks, as record budget deficits, limited growth prospects, and stubbornly high unemployment rates undermine urban recovery. The urban poor continue to bear most heavily the burden of a continuing housing crisis, chronically underperforming schools at a time of increasing returns to education, persistently high births to unmarried mothers, unprecedented rates of obesity and other health problems, and an expansion of the criminal justice system that insists on breaking imprisonment records.   Understanding these conditions calls for scholarly perspectives the focus not only on individuals or neighborhoods but also on the institutions and organizations that structure their daily lives, mediate their relation to the state, and facilitate or constrain their ability to acquire resources. The papers either adopt or examine the role of institutional and organizational perspectives to the study of housing, health, criminal justice, education, and immigration in urban contexts. For more, and to register, see http://urbanforums.uchicago.edu.”

Study finds that neighborhood organizations are strong predictors of social capital

August 24, 2010 at 11:08 am | Posted in amenities, grocery stores, neighborhoods, social organization, social service agencies, supermarkets, what to read | Leave a comment

In a new study published in the Journal of Urban Affairs, Alexandra Curley studies social capital levels among participants in a Boston housing relocation program.  From the abstract: “This article examines the social capital available to low-income households which were relocated to different types of neighborhoods with the HOPE VI program, an initiative aimed at redeveloping U.S. public housing developments into mixed-income communities. Along with improving the living environment, HOPE VI is thought to improve residents’ access to social capital by changing the economic mix of their neighborhoods. This article contributes evidence from multivariate analyses of survey data of Boston HOPE VI residents in their post-HOPE VI neighborhoods. Findings indicate that rather than neighborhood socioeconomic mix, neighborhood resources, such as libraries, recreation facilities, parks, grocery stores, and social services, followed by place attachment and feelings of safety,were the strongest predictors of social capital….”

Is the Harlem Children’s Zone a waste of money?

August 8, 2010 at 1:25 pm | Posted in childcare centers, education, geography, neighborhoods, organizational networks, social service agencies, youth | Leave a comment

Geoffrey Canada’s effort to transform the lives of low-income children in Harlem by providing a comprehensive array of services within a 100 block area has convinced many skeptics, produced a top seller, and inspired a presidential effort.  A new controversial report by the Urban Institute suggests it may have been a waste of money, at least with respect to its effects on education.  After comparing the test performance of children in the Harlem Children’s Zone Promise Academy to those in other New York City charter schools, the authors conclude, rather uncharitably, “that the HCZ Promise Academy is a middling New York City charter school.”  Canada responds, calling the report “wrong-headed,” for, among other things, misunderstanding the point of the HCZ.  Whitehurst and Croft promptly reply, standing their ground.  Considering that Obama has requested $210 million for the initiative inspired by HCZ, and that Congress seems reluctant to provide it, we really ought to get the story straight.

Article published on how geographic and social spaces condition the use of social service organizations

April 29, 2010 at 11:32 am | Posted in amenities, geography, neighborhoods, non-profits, poverty, social service agencies | Leave a comment

Sociologist Rebecca Joyce Kissane has published a new article in Social Service Review that investigates how issues of geographic and social space condition participants’ use of social resources provided locally by nongovernmental social service organizations (SSOs). Using data from in‐depth qualitative interviews with poor non‐Hispanic white and Puerto Rican women living in a high‐poverty neighborhood in Philadelphia, this article finds that use of SSOs is highly contextual and situated in the local environment. In particular, proximity to agencies is found to be an important consideration in participants’ decision to use SSOs, but equally important are subjective understandings of the immediate environs and the ethnoracial groups that live there. Results suggest that studies of geographic place and social welfare might consider the role of service users’ sense of place and community in whether and how poor people make use of available organizational resources. The article citation is:

  • Kissane, Rebecca Joyce.  2010.  “‘We Call It the Badlands’:  How Social-Spatial Geographies Influence Social Service Use.”  Social Service Review. 84(1):  3-28)

New edition of “Human Services as Complex Organizations” released

December 18, 2009 at 4:39 pm | Posted in amenities, job centers, new books, non-profits, poverty, race, social service agencies, welfare offices, what to read | Leave a comment

Sociologist and social welfare scholar Yeheskel Hasenfeld has recently published a new edition of his seminal volume, Human Services as Complex Organizations. This comprehensive and state-of-the-art collection on human service organizations weaves the latest theoretical and empirical studies in macro theory with contemporary examples from hospitals, schools, social service organizations, mental health centers, and public welfare agencies. Blending theory with application, this outstanding anthology highlights the moral choices and accomplishments made by human service organizations. University of Michigan Professor Emerius Mayer Zald writes, “Hasenfeld has done it again. An excellent collection of essays on many of the most important trends and issues involving human service organizations.” The volume features essays from urbanorgs.org members Celeste Watkins-Hayes, Evelyn Brodkin, Stephen R. Smith, Jodi Sandfort and many others.

Celeste Watkins-Hayes publishes book on the professional lives of bureaucrats in welfare offices

June 27, 2009 at 3:36 pm | Posted in job centers, job search, new books, poverty, social service agencies, welfare offices, what to read | Leave a comment

watkins-hayes book coverA behind-the-scenes look at bureaucracy’s human face in the wake of welfare reform, The New Welfare Bureaucrats is a study of welfare officers and how they navigate the increasingly tangled political and emotional terrain of their jobs. Celeste Watkins-Hayes here reveals how welfare reform engendered a shift in focus for caseworkers from simply providing monetary aid to the much more complex process of helping recipients find work. Now both more intimately involved in their clients’ lives and wielding greater power over their well-being, welfare officers’ racial, class, and professional identities have become increasingly important factors in their work. Based on the author’s extensive fieldwork in two very different communities, The New Welfare Bureaucrats is for anyone looking to understand the impact of the institutional and policy changes wrought by welfare reform as well as the subtle social dynamics that shape the way public resources are meted out to the poor at the individual level.

Joe Galaskiewicz receives NSF funding to study Phoenix organizations and their impact on the urban community

May 21, 2009 at 7:34 pm | Posted in amenities, barbershops, beauty salons, churches, grocery stores, neighborhoods, news, non-profits, organizational density, organizational networks, social service agencies, supermarkets | Leave a comment

phoenix-downtown

Joe Galaskiewicz at the University of Arizona recently received $162,274 from
the National Science Foundation to fund his project, “Organizations and their
Impact on the Urban Community.” This funding helps Joe continue his research on
the distribution of organizational resources across the Phoenix metropolitan
area, their effect on what children do in the free time on the weekends, and
how organizations migrate across the metropolitan community in response to
demographic shifts, changes in zoning laws, and competition among
organizational providers. The research looks at a broad range of
establishments that serve community residents including parks, recreation
centers, churches, retail outlets, restaurants, bowling and fitness centers,
barber shops, department stores, malls, theatres, and many, many more local
establishments. For some of Joe’s preliminary results, go to:

http://www.childresearch.net/RESOURCE/RESEARCH/2007/GALASKIEWICZ.HTM

New paper highlights how intra-racial politics inform service delivery in street-level bureaucracies

April 25, 2009 at 10:25 am | Posted in poverty, social service agencies, welfare offices, what to read | Leave a comment

A new paper published in Social Problems (vol. 56 no. 2, pp. 285–310) by Celeste Watkins-Hayes explores how the substantial increase in people of color working in street-level bureaucracies shapes policy implementation. In, “Race-ing the Bootstrap Climb: Black and Latino Bureaucrats in Post-Reform Welfare Offices,” Watkins-Hayes uses interview data collected from black and Latino supervisors and caseworkers implementing welfare reform to explicate how these actors deploy race and other social group memberships as tools in the delivery of casework services to black and Latino clients. Contrary to our assumptions about the level of impersonality entrenched in public bureaucracies, she finds that most caseworkers and supervisors of color identify with the circumstances of their clients, but interpret the politics of welfare through not only racialized but also classed and gendered lenses. Consequently, they support and challenge clients of color in a variety of ways often unexamined in previous scholarship on the inner workings of street-level bureaucracies. This article suggests that not only inter-racial but also intra-racial politics inform institutional processes within human service agencies.

The direct link to the article:

http://caliber.ucpress.net/doi/abs/10.1525/sp.2009.56.2.285

The article is also currently available on the Social Problems website:

http://www.sssp1.org/index.cfm/m/325

New book by Scott Allard

November 27, 2008 at 11:05 am | Posted in neighborhoods, new books, organizational density, social service agencies, what to read | Leave a comment

allard1

Out of Place: Poverty, Place and the New American Welfare State.  Sweeping changes in welfare programs since 1996 have transformed the way America cares for its poor. Today, for every dollar spent on cash welfare payments, some twenty dollars are spent on service programs targeted at the working poor—job training, adult education, child care, emergency assistance, mental health care, and other social services. This important book examines our current system and the crucial role that geography plays in the system’s ability to offer help.

Drawing on unique survey data from almost 1,500 faith-based and secular service organizations in three cities, Scott W. Allard examines which agencies are most accessible to poor populations and looks at the profound impact of unstable funding on assistance programs. Allard argues that the new system has become less equitable and reliable, and he concludes with practical policy recommendations that address some of the more pressing issues in improving the safety net.

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